This is the extraction of item content features and descriptors into a logical representation (Croft & Harper, 1993).
These three processes are indexing, query processing and searching & ranking. ProcessĪccording to an article by (Croft & Harper, 1993), three main processes occurs during the retrieval of information. Moreover, systems that return structured information as output are often categorized as information retrieval systems. For example, the relational database objects.
#AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 2009 SOLUTION FREE#
However, considering the structure of the output returned, an outsized categorization can be made distinguishing systems that return unstructured information i.e., Items with arbitrary structure and syntax, for example, free text documents and those that return specifically structured information. The output consists of a sorted list of information items irrespective of their formats, for example, texts, audios, videos etc. The main output returned by an Information Retrieval system is a ranked list of information items. However, an information item is classified by its formats (textual document, image, audio, video, etc) and its granularity (web page, paragraph, sentence, etc). An example of which would be multimedia retrieval where information needed by the user could include video clips, images and sound.įurthermore, the information items are the elements, which are being retrieved as an answer to a query. This information is often expressed as a search string which can also be expressed in other formats. However, the process of information retrieval begins when the user conveys his information need ( User needs) to the system. These inputs are categorized into the user needs and the information items. InputĪn Information Retrieval system accepts two types of input. An abstract view of the elements is displayed in Figure 3.1.įigure 3.1 The Information Retrieval Process (Sanchez,2009).Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten 3.1. This section of the paper shall provide briefly the description of components, tasks and resources involved in IR systems. Information retrieval systems operate based on a given set of documents, that are pre-processed according to user queries, ranked based on their relevance and presented to the user according to their relevance degree. The main goal of an Information Retrieval (IR) System can be defined as the representation, storage, organization of, and access to information items (Ribeiro & Baeza, 1999). Emphases are made on proper background analysis of a limited number of events and their relationships. The research methodology adopted in this paper is based on case studies. As such, the key problem to be addressed in information retrieval is the development of a search strategy which will ensure the delivery of a minimum amount of irrelevant information to the user when compared to the amount of relevant information rendered. These factors contribute to the presentation of irrelevant information to the user. This is because of inaccuracies, in the illustration of the documents stored in the database, in addition to the ambiguity in user queries.
The transfer of irrelevant information such as text, audio, video retrieved by an information retrieval system to the user wastes network bandwidth and at times frustrates users. A significant problem is that users can easily be inundated with the quantity of information available. As such, information such as audio, video, images and textual data must be accommodated. The rising amount of useful information being shared over the web requires adequate techniques for effective search and retrieval. Keywords: Ontology, Information Retrieval, Query processing, Indexing, Search, Ranking. Furthermore, this paper will describe how documents are analyzed and ranked using different models. This paper discusses the concept of information retrieval with some emphasis on the different information retrieval models. Nevertheless, users sometimes need more effort to obtain desired information. The search engine technology aids in the collection, storage and pre-processing a wide range of information to deliver relevant resources instantly in response to users’ needs. However, a few initiatives were introduced in the previous decade with the development of search engine technology. Due to this fast and steady growth, well-known problems are associated with retrieving desired information when needed. Information shared over the web keeps escalating gradually and rapidly.
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